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The Society
Ancient Egypt was a civilization in Northeast Africa situated in the Nile Valley.
Ancient Egyptians called their homeland Kemet, meaning “black land.” It refers to the dark, fertile soil left behind after flooding from the Nile River.
Culture
To the Egyptians, life on earth was only one aspect of an eternal journey. The soul was immortal and was only inhabiting a body for a short time.
Being mummified—the process of preserving a body—was an important part of how Egyptians believed their soul would enter the afterlife. So were tombs.
The ancient Egyptians worshipped over 2,000 gods and goddesses.
Food
Bread and beer were the two staple products. Bread was eaten by both the rich and the poor and was made using wheat or barley.
The ancient Egyptian food of the rich included meat, fish from the Nile or poultry on a daily basis. Poor Egyptians only ate meat on special occasions but ate fish and poultry more often.
A variety of vegetables were also grown and eaten .
Key Inventions
The ancient Egyptians invented toothbrushes, toothpaste, ink, cosmetics, paper and even the very first form of a breath mint.
Ancient Egyptian created a calendar based on the sun’s rotation—and are thought to be the first civilization to measure a year using 365 days.
Everyday Life
Everyday Life
Most people in ancient Egypt were farmers. They lived with their families in houses made of mud bricks that were near the Nile River.
The Nile flooded each year, leaving behind fertile soil for planting crops like wheat, barley, lettuce, flax, and papyrus. As the Egyptians learned how to move river water to their fields, they were able to grow more food, including grapes, apricots, olives, and beans.
During flood season, farmers couldn’t tend their crops. So instead, some worked building pyramids, tombs, and monuments. Other people worked as scribes (people who recorded events), priests, and doctors.
Women in ancient Egypt had more freedom than those in other ancient cultures. Like men, they could be scribes, priests, and doctors, and they usually had the same rights as men. Women could own their own homes and businesses.
Ancient Egyptians also like to have fun! They swam and canoed in the Nile, played board games, and they enjoyed making music and dancing.
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